Core key - new energy lithium battery cathode material introduction

Lithium cobaltate: The first successful commercial cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Cobalt resources are relatively poor, resulting in a high price, at the same time cobalt toxicity, coupled with its poor safety performance, relatively low capacity, the shortcomings are obvious. At present, lithium cobalt acid batteries are mainly used in digital batteries.

Lithium manganese: Mainly spinel type lithium manganese. Compared with lithium cobaltate, it has abundant resources, low manufacturing cost, little environmental pollution, and high safety performance. However, the structure of spinel is difficult to maintain integrity, and the circulation is poor.

Lithium iron phosphate: rich raw material sources, at the same time the price is relatively low compared to the previous material, the production process is also less pollution to the environment, plus better cycle performance and high safety performance, so that it has been first used in electric vehicles. However, the lithium iron phosphate material has poor electrical conductivity and low vibration density, resulting in a low energy density per unit volume. With the development of lithium iron phosphate technology, the high pressure lithium iron phosphate technology is gradually mature, and the energy density increases steadily.

Ternary composite material: for multiple metal composite oxide -- ternary material (cobalt nickel manganese + lithium). The ternary material combines the advantages of lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate and lithium manganate (lithium aluminate) to form a ternary co-solution, which can give full play to the role of the three components. High energy density, unit volume can provide longer endurance, poor heat resistance, about 300℃ gradually dissolved, spontaneous combustion risk is larger.

Lithium ferromanganese phosphate: lithium ferromanganese phosphate is equivalent to the improved material of lithium iron phosphate, which has many advantages of lithium iron phosphate, and has very high safety and stability. At the same time, because lithium ferromanganese phosphate contains manganese, the energy density is also better, which can reach the level of NCM523 (nickel-cobalt-manganese 523 ratio) of three-way battery, but it still does not reach the level of NGM811 (nickel-cobalt-manganese 523 ratio).

Nowadays, the battery of the mainstream new energy pure electric vehicle on the market basically uses three-way lithium battery and lithium iron phosphate battery.

With the development of new-energy pure electric vehicles, endurance is no longer the only measurement index. Frequent spontaneous combustion accidents make the safety of batteries become an important consideration in choosing electric vehicles. This makes the lithium iron phosphate technology, which seems to be "backward", reinvigorate. Various manufacturers begin to devote efforts to further research on the development of lithium iron phosphate. The market share increases year by year, and the market share has slightly exceeded that of ternary materials. The three component materials are also trying to remove the "flammable" hat, improve safety, while keeping costs as low as possible.

In the past two years, the leading enterprises have begun to layout the market of lithium ferromanganese phosphate, as one of the improvement directions of lithium iron phosphate, with its higher endurance than lithium iron phosphate, better than the safety and cost of three materials, or will further change the pattern of the new energy battery industry.

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